How to Download and Use Netplan.io
If you are looking for a simple and powerful way to configure networking on your Linux system, you might want to try netplan.io. Netplan.io is a utility that allows you to create a YAML description of the required network interfaces and what each should be configured to do. From this description, netplan.io will generate all the necessary configuration for your chosen renderer tool, such as NetworkManager or systemd-networkd.
In this article, we will show you how to download and use netplan.io on your Linux system. We will also cover some of the features and benefits of netplan.io, as well as some common troubleshooting tips.
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What is Netplan.io?
Netplan.io is a network configuration abstraction renderer that was introduced in Ubuntu 17.10. It is designed to simplify the process of configuring networking on Linux systems, especially in cloud environments where network interfaces may change frequently.
Netplan.io Features
Some of the features of netplan.io are:
It uses YAML syntax, which is easy to read and write.
It supports multiple configuration files, which can be merged or overridden by later files.
It supports various network device types, such as ethernet, wifi, bridge, bond, vlan, etc.
It supports various network configuration options, such as static or dynamic IP addresses, DNS servers, routes, etc.
It supports rule-based application of configuration, such as smart defaults or device-specific settings.
It supports different backend renderers, which can handle different aspects of network management.
Netplan.io Supported Renderers
Netplan.io currently works with two supported renderers:
NetworkManager: This is a network management daemon that provides a graphical user interface and a command-line tool for configuring networking. It is suitable for desktops and laptops, where users may need to switch between different networks or wireless access points.
Systemd-networkd: This is a network management daemon that is part of the systemd init system. It is suitable for servers and headless systems, where network configuration is usually static and does not change frequently.
You can specify which renderer you want to use in your netplan.io configuration file with the renderer: key. For example:
network: version: 2 renderer: NetworkManager
This will make NetworkManager manage all devices in your system. If you do not specify a renderer, netplan.io will use NetworkManager for wifi and WWAN devices, and systemd-networkd for any other devices.
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How to Download Netplan.io
Netplan.io is installed by default in all Ubuntu images since Ubuntu 18.04. However, if you need to install it manually, you have two options:
Install Netplan.io from Ubuntu Repository
The easiest way to install netplan.io is from the official Ubuntu repository. You can use the apt command to install the netplan.io package. For example:
$ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install netplan.io
This will install netplan.io and its dependencies on your system. You can verify the installation by running:
$ netplan --version netplan 0.103
Install Netplan.io from Source Code
If you want to install the latest version of netplan.io or need to install it on a different Linux distribution, you can install netplan.io from the source code. You will need to install some dependencies first, such as libyaml-dev, libglib2.0-dev, libnplan0, and libnplan-dev. You can use the apt command to install them. For example:
$ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install libyaml-dev libglib2.0-dev libnplan0 libnplan-dev
Then, you can download the source code of netplan.io from its GitHub repository. You can use the git command to clone the repository. For example:
$ git clone $ cd netplan
Next, you can build and install netplan.io from the source code. You can use the make and sudo make install commands to do so. For example:
$ make $ sudo make install
This will install netplan.io on your system. You can verify the installation by running:
$ netplan --version netplan 0.104
How to Use Netplan.io
To use netplan.io, you need to create a YAML configuration file that describes your network interfaces and settings. You can then apply the configuration with netplan commands and see the changes take effect.
Create a YAML Configuration File
The YAML configuration file for netplan.io should have a .yaml extension and be placed in the /etc/netplan/ directory. The file name should start with a number, such as 01-netcfg.yaml, to indicate the order of precedence. The higher the number, the later the file is processed.
The YAML configuration file should have a top-level key called network:, followed by a subkey called version:, which should be set to 2. Then, you can define your network devices under another subkey called ethernets:, wifis:, or other device types. For each device, you can specify its name, MAC address, renderer, IP addresses, DNS servers, routes, and other options.
Here is an example of a YAML configuration file that defines two ethernet devices, one with a static IP address and one with a dynamic IP address:
# This is a netplan.io configuration file network: version: 2 renderer: NetworkManager ethernets: enp0s3: match: macaddress: 08:00:27:9c:da:1a addresses: - 192.168.1.10/24 gateway4: 192.168.1.1 nameservers: addresses: - 8.8.8.8 - 8.8.4.4 enp0s8: match: macaddress: 08:00:27:9c:da:1b dhcp4: true
You can find more examples and documentation of netplan.io configuration files on its official website. You can also use the command to test your configuration before applying it.
Apply the Configuration with Netplan Commands
To apply the configuration from your YAML file, you need to use the netplan commands. The most common commands are:
: This command will generate the configuration files for your chosen renderer from your YAML file.
: This command will apply the configuration files to your system and restart the network service.
: This command will apply the configuration temporarily and ask you to confirm if it works. If you do not confirm within 120 seconds, it will revert to the previous configuration.
: This command will show you some debugging information about your network devices and configuration.
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